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A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Volume 2 is unavailable, but you can change that!

For over one hundred years, the International Critical Commentary series has held a special place among works on the Bible. It has sought to bring together all the relevant aids to exegesis—linguistic and textual no less than archaeological, historical, literary and theological—with a level of comprehension and quality of scholarship unmatched by any other series. No attempt has been made to...

earthworks, or in hidden pits; impalement was used also as a method of execution.262 Hughes supposes this to be the background thought here. Paul has in view this first sense of σκόλοψ, the image ‘of a body helplessly impaled’.263 D. M. Park likewise adopts it, as more suitable to the severe suffering implied by v. 8.264 The second sense, ‘thorn’, ‘splinter’, is found in the LXX, whilst the alternative, ‘stake’, is not.265 In two possibly significant passages the word is used metaphorically with
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